Can you have a broken heart? Understanding stress-induced cardiomyopathy

February is Heart Health Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness about cardiovascular well-being. It’s also the month of Valentine’s Day, a holiday that celebrates matters of the heart in a more romantic sense. But what happens when emotional heartbreak turns into a physical condition? Can you really have a broken heart?

“Absolutely, you can have a “broken heart,” both emotionally and medically, says Kunal K. Chawla, MD, interventional cardiologist at Optum Medical Care. “In cardiology, we refer to it as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or stress-induced cardiomyopathy—a condition caused by intense emotional or physical stress. It’s named after the Japanese word “takotsubo,” which refers to an octopus trap that resembles the ballooned shape of the left ventricle seen in this condition.”

While uncommon, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a serious heart condition that occurs in less than 5% of the population. It causes a temporary enlargement of the heart and creates cardiac muscle weakness. This condition is often triggered by severe emotional or physical stress, such as the loss of a loved one, a serious accident, or a sudden illness. These emotionally charged situations have earned TTS the nickname “broken-heart syndrome.”

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy can mimic a heart attack but is not caused by coronary artery blockages. It is believed to be caused by surge of stress hormones like adrenaline, which overstimulate the heart leading to temporary changes that impair the heart’s ability to pump effectively.

Who is at risk?

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is more common in women predominantly affecting women ages 58 to 75.  In fact, studies have shown that over 90% of cases occur in this demographic.

Treatment and prognosis

The prognosis for Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is generally favorable, with most patients experiencing a full recovery within two months. and are at low risk of recurrence. Treatment for broken-heart syndrome focuses on managing symptoms and addressing any underlying stressors. While some people may experience broken heart syndrome again, the risk of recurrence is low.

Preventive measures

“Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep can help regulate stress hormones and support cardiovascular health., says Dr. Chawla. “Combining this with regular follow-up and monitoring by a physician helps treat and prevent cardiovascular disease.  Monitoring for physical symptoms such as chest pain, irregular heartbeats, or shortness of breath and seeking prompt medical care is critical, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions.”

According to Dr. Chawla, while the idea of a “broken heart” is often symbolic, there’s a very real medical phenomenon behind it. “It’s a fascinating reminder of the powerful connection between the mind and the heart and the importance of evaluating and treating the entire patient,” he says. “If you or someone you know experiences symptoms of a heart attack during periods of intense stress, don’t dismiss it as unimportant. It’s essential to seek medical attention immediately—whether it’s heartbreak or something else, the heart should never be ignored.”

During this Heart Health month, let’s commit to nurturing both aspects to maintain a healthy heart.

Sources:

American College of Cardiology, Takotsubo Syndrome: Expanding Insights, Unanswered Questions, December 2, 2024
Heart.org, Is Broken Heart Syndrome Real?, May 31, 2024
Mayo Clinic, Broken Heart Syndrome, November 11, 2023