5 essential tips for colonoscopy prep

If you’re preparing for a colonoscopy, you’re taking an important step in maintaining your health. It’s likely that you’ve had this screening test in the past, as the American Cancer Society recommends a colonoscopy every 10 years from age 45 to 75.¹ If you have a family history of colon cancer, you might have started these screenings earlier.²

A colonoscopy is a vital medical exam used to find colon cancer and other issues within your digestive system. During the procedure, a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope is inserted into your rectum. This tube is equipped with a small camera and a light, allowing your doctor to see your entire colon and rectum in clear detail.³

The primary purpose of a colonoscopy is to look for polyps, which are abnormal growths inside your colon that can potentially turn into cancer.⁴ These polyps can be removed during the procedure, helping to prevent colon cancer. Additionally, a colonoscopy can help detect colon cancer early, when it is often easier to treat.

Before your procedure, you will undergo a preparation process, which may start a few days in advance. This preparation might be a little hard, but it is a quick process that could save your life.

Proper colonoscopy preparation is crucial to ensure that your doctor can see inside your colon clearly.

Plan ahead for your prep

Your doctor will provide you with specific instructions, which may vary slightly depending on your health and the requirements of the procedure. It is crucial to follow these directions closely. It is recommended to begin preparing for your colonoscopy at least one week in advance. The instructions will cover the following:

• When to Pick Up Your Bowel Prep Kit: It’s a good idea to get your bowel prep kit from the pharmacy a week ahead of time. This way, you can address any issues, such as out-of-stock medications or insurance delays, without rushing.
• Your instructions will tell you what to eat and drink before the colonoscopy. You will also be told what to eat and drink in the days before the colonoscopy.
• When and How to Use the Laxative: You’ll get specific directions on when to start drinking the laxative or taking the pills, and how to do it correctly.
• Diet for the Day Before and Day of the Procedure: You’ll need to follow a clear-liquid diet.
• Medications to not use: Some medications may need to be avoided before the procedure. Your instructions will specify which ones to use.

Start early so you have time to learn the kit’s instructions and buy the things you need for your prep diet. If you have any questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to reach out to your doctor. They are there to help you every step of the way.

Pre-procedure diet prep

Our diet plays a very important role in preparing your colon for the procedure. Here’s what you need to know:

Two to Three Days Before:

• Reduce High-Fiber Foods: Begin reducing your intake of high-fiber foods two to three days before your colonoscopy. High-fiber foods can leave residue in your colon, making it harder for the doctor to see clearly. Foods to stay away from include beans, nuts, raw vegetables, seeds, and whole grains. Opt for low-fiber alternatives like white bread, white rice, and cooked vegetables without skins or seeds.⁵

The Day Before:

• Clear-Liquid Diet: On the day before your colonoscopy, you will need to follow a clear-liquid diet.⁶ This diet ensures that there is no food left in your body and makes it easier to clear out your colon.⁶
  • Coffee and tea without milk or cream
  • Gelatin (without fruit or red or purple dye)
  • Clear broth
  • Clear, light-colored fruit juices without pulp (such as apple juice)
  • Light-colored sports drinks (avoid red or purple ones)
  • Water

The Night Before:

• Fasting: You may be instructed not to eat or drink anything after midnight the night before your colonoscopy.³ This ensures your large intestine is completely empty for the procedure. This might not be the fun part of the preparation, but it is a key step to make sure your colonoscopy goes well.

Navigating your bowel prep kit

Your doctor will let you know when to start taking the medicine. A bowel prep kit is a laxative drink used to wash out your colon.⁷ Some doctors may also prescribe a series of pills that have a similar effect.

You’ll usually start drinking or taking the laxative the evening before your procedure. Then, you’ll finish it the next morning, at least four hours before the exam.⁸

There are different types of bowel prep kits:

• Liquid Laxative Kits: These kits include a liquid laxative and a container to mix the laxative with water. You need to follow the instructions carefully to make the mixture right.
• Premixed Kits: Some kits are already premixed, making them easier to use.
• Pills: The pills typically come with a small pitcher you fill with water and drink over several hours.

Laxative mixtures might not taste the best, but it’s very important to drink the entire kit as instructed. If your colon isn’t cleaned out properly, the procedure may need to be repeated. This can be both hard and stressful.

Be proactive about constipation

If you often have constipation, it’s important to tell your doctor before your colonoscopy. Constipation can make bowel preparation more challenging, so it’s important to discuss your symptoms and medical history with your doctor. They may guide added measures, such as adjusting your prep diet or prescribing medications to help you prepare effectively. By communicating openly with your doctor, you can ensure that your colonoscopy is as successful and comfortable as possible.

Managing gas and bloating

Many patients experience bloating and gas after a colonoscopy. This is because air or carbon dioxide is pushed into the colon during the procedure to expand it for a clearer view.³ Since your doctor filled your colon to see clearly, all patients will feel some gas and/or cramping.

Don’t be ashamed to pass gas naturally— it’s a normal part of getting better. Walking can also help ease discomfort. Over-the-counter medications can be useful in managing these symptoms.

There’s a lot to think about when it comes to colonoscopy prep. And your Optum specialist (and their office) are there to help. You’ll get personalized care that’ll make you feel prepared and comfortable on the day of the procedure.

Stay informed, stay prepared, and take control of your health. Your colonoscopy is an important step in maintaining your well-being.

Sources

1. American Cancer Society. American Cancer Society guidelines for colorectal cancer screening. Last revised January 29, 2024. Accessed February 4, 2025.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Family history of colorectal (colon) cancer. Last reviewed October 5, 2023. Accessed February 4, 2025.
3. Mayo Clinic. Colonoscopy. Last updated February 28, 2024. Accessed February 4, 2025.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What should I know about screening? Last updated October 17, 2024. Accessed February 4, 2025.
5. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Colonoscopy. Last reviewed August 2023. Accessed February 4, 2025.
6. Mayo Clinic. Clear liquid diet. Last updated June 8, 2023. Accessed February 4, 2025.
7. Mayo Clinic. Laxative (oral route). Last updated February 01, 2025. Accessed February 4, 2025.
8. Mayo Clinic. Sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium chloride (oral route). Last updated February 01, 2025. Accessed February 4, 2025.

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